This assertion, if examined in depth, would lead to the inevitable conclusion that the events leading up to the closure of the ARCSS could have largely undermined the ownership, buy-in and commitment of SPLM/A-IG and other targeted actors in the South Sudan peace process. His assurances of “total commitment” can be read as political rhetoric to an expected nation and hopeful regional peace mediators. The process resulted in the following agreements (also known as protocols): In January 2014, direct negotiations were initiated between the two parties, as did the IGAD (which includes the eight regional nations as well as the African Union, the United Nations, China, the EU, the United States, the United Kingdom and Norway). [153] [154] In order to secure a stronger negotiating position, South Sudanese troops fighting alongside Ugandan forces res resumed every rebel-held town, including Bor on 18 January[155] and Malakal on 20 January. [156] Government forces were supported by Ugandan forces, against the wishes of IGAD,[157] who feared a major regional conflict. [158] Uganda announced that they had joined the January fight[159] after challenging it[160] that troops should evacuate only Ugandan nationals. [161] On 23 January 2014, representatives of the Government of South Sudan and representatives of rebel leader Riek Machar in Ethiopia reached a ceasefire agreement. [162] [163] The agreement also provided for the release of eleven officials close to rebel leader Machar. [162] In March 2016, due to the violence and hostilities reported in most parts of South Sudan, Ban Ki-moon urged the warring parties to “restore the mutual trust of the people and the international community in order to put the country on the path to stability”.
He also called on South Sudan`s leaders to “establish peace on policy” through compromises to achieve stability.34 The slow implementation of ARCSS also results in delays in the establishment and restoration of the institutions and transitional mechanisms covered by Chapter 1 (14.1) of the agreement, including, among others, the Peace Commission (PC); Discharge and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC); The Refugee Commission (RRC) and other institutions such as the Truth, Reconciliation and Healing Commission (HRTC); Hybrid Court for South Sudan (HCSS); CRA; and the Board of Directors of the Special Fund for Reconstruction (BSRF). All of this is not yet established – but most are expected to be in effect in the first month of TGoNU, as planned in the ARCSS. Reported incidents of sexual violence increased by 60% in 2016, with Mundri described as the epicenter of the problem in Amadi state. [336] A UN survey showed that 70% of women who came to camps had been raped since the beginning of the conflict, the vast majority of rapists being policemen and soldiers[337] and 80% had seen someone else being sexually assaulted. [338] The SPLA reportedly recruited militias and young men in Unity State to retake rebel-held territory.
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