A total of 197 countries have signed the Paris Agreement on Reducing CO2 Emissions by 2030. The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that deals with the reduction, adaptation and financing of greenhouse gas emissions from 2020. The agreement aims to address the threat of global climate change by keeping global temperatures well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels this century and to continue efforts to further limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. [1] Since November 2020, 194 states and the European Union have signed the agreement. 188 countries and the EU, which account for about 79% of global greenhouse gas emissions, have ratified the agreement or have joined the agreement, including China and India, the countries with the first and third CO2 emissions among UNFCCC members. [12] [13] [14] All 197 UNFCCC members have signed or joined. The Paris Agreement officially entered into force on 4 November 2016. Other countries remained parties to the agreement following their national approval procedures. To date, 195 contracting parties have signed the agreement and have ratified 189. For more information on the Paris Agreement and ratification status, click here. The Paris Agreement provides a sustainable framework that guides global efforts for decades to come. The aim is to increase countries` climate ambitions over time. To achieve this, the agreement provides for two review processes, each in a five-year cycle.
The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st UNFCCC Conference of the Parties in Paris and agreed on 12 December 2015. [2] [3] The agreement was signed at UN Headquarters in New York from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 by states and regional economic integration organisations parties to the UNFCCC (convention). [4] The agreement stated that it would only enter into force if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list drawn up in 2015)[5] ratify, accept, approve or adhere to the agreement. [6] On April 1, 2016, the United States and China, which together account for nearly 40% of global emissions, issued a joint statement confirming that the two countries would sign the Paris Climate Agreement. [9] 175 contracting parties (174 states and the European Union) signed the agreement on the first day of its signing. [10] [11] On the same day, more than 20 countries announced plans to join the accession as soon as possible in 2016. The ratification by the European Union has achieved a sufficient number of contracting parties to enter into force on 4 November 2016. On June 1, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the agreement. [24] Under Article 28, the effective withdrawal date of the United States is the fastest possible date, given that the agreement entered into force in the United States on November 4, 2016. If it had decided to withdraw from the UNFCCC, it could be informed immediately (the UNFCCC came into force in 1994 for the United States) and come into force a year later. On August 4, 2017, the Trump administration officially announced to the United Nations that the United States intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it has a legal right to do so.
[25] The formal declaration of resignation could only be submitted after three years of implementation of the agreement for the United States in 2019. [26] [27] The EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement.
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